Treatments

  • Surgery

    Most women will have surgery for their vulvar cancer, either by itself or in conjunction with other therapies. Depending on how advanced your cancer is at treatment, your doctor will determine if external-beam radiation therapy or low-dose chemotherapy along with radiation therapy will make your treatment work better.

    The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer from your vulva and keep as much surrounding normal tissue as possible. Over the years, oncologists have been able to develop less radical surgical techniques while maintaining the potential cure rates of the surgery.

    • Laser Surgery: Specialists use a laser beam instead of a scalpel to make cuts in tissue or to remove the surface lesion or tumor.
    • Wide Local Excision: Many surgeries for vulvar cancer can just remove the cancer and a clear margin of normal tissue around it.
    • Radical Local Excision: In cases where the cancer is more extensive, the surgical procedure to remove the cancer may need a large amount of normal tissue around it, as well as nearby lymph nodes in the groin.
    • Vulvectomy: This surgical procedure removes part or the entire vulva.

    Even if the doctor removes all the visible cancer at the time of the surgery, some patients may need follow-up chemotherapy or radiation therapy to kill any cancer cells that are left.

  • Sentinel Node Biopsy

    The cancer is most likely to spread from the tumor to the sentinel lymph node. A dye is injected near the tumor and flows through the lymph ducts to the lymph nodes. Because the dyes make the sentinel nodes glow under special goggles, sentinel node detection has risen to 95 percent or greater. Researchers at Sylvester are leading international trials to validate the role of sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer.

  • Chemotherapy

    Chemotherapy is a combination of cancer-fighting drugs that can be administered intravenously to kill remaining cancer cells in the body. A novel treatment offered at Sylvester can also prevent taking more lymph nodes even if the sentinel node is suspicious. Before surgery, an ultrasound scan of the groin can highlight probable lymph node involvement, indicated by node enlargement. Giving chemotherapy before surgery (neoadjuvant) can convert a previously positive lymph node to negative when biopsied, avoiding taking out more lymph nodes.

  • Topical Chemotherapy

    Chemotherapy may be applied topically to the vulva in a cream or lotion.

  • Immunotherapy

    This type of treatment uses your immune system to fight his or her cancer. Specialists use substances made by your body or made in a laboratory to enhance, direct, or rebuild the body's natural defenses against cancer. Imiquimod is an immunotherapy that may be used to treat vulvar lesions and is applied to the skin in a cream.